Clinical reliability and validity of the N-PASS: neonatal pain, agitation and sedation scale with prolonged pain (2024)

References

Anand KJS, Aranda JV, Berde CB, Buckman S, Capparelli EV, Carlo W et al. The Newborn Drug Development Initiative (NDDI) workshop: summary proceedings from the neonatal pain control group. Pediatrics 2006; 117: 9–22.
Article Google Scholar
American Academy of Pediatrics and Canadian Paediatric Society, Batton DG, Barrington KJ, Wallman C . Prevention and management of pain in the neonate: an update. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 2231–2241.
Article Google Scholar
Ng E, Taddio A, Ohlsson A . Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; CD002052.
Stevens BJ, Pillai RR, Oberlander TE, Gibbins S . Assessment of pain in neonates and infants. In: Anand KJS, Stevens BJ, McGrath PJ (eds). Pain in Neonates and Infants. 3rd edn. Elsevier: Edinburgh, 2007; 67–90.
Google Scholar
Curley MA, Harris SK, Fraser KA, Johnson RA, Arnold JH . State behavioral scale: a sedation assessment instrument for infants and young children supported on mechanical ventilation. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006; 7: 107–114.
Article Google Scholar
American Society of Anesthesiology House of Delegates. Continuum of depth of sedation. http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/standards/20.pdf. Accessed July 18, 2007.
Stevens B, Johnston C, Petryshen P, Taddio A . Premature infant pain profile: development and initial validation. Clin J Pain 1996; 12: 13–22.
Article CAS Google Scholar
See Also
Nürnberg-Pass - Sozialamt Nürnberg The Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale and the bedside nurse’s assessment of neonates Akutschmerztherapie in Pädiatrie und Geriatrie – Schmerzmessung: Welche Schmerzskala bei welchen Patienten?Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale’s use, reliability, and validity: a systematic review
Lawrence J, Alco*ck D, McGrath P, Kay J, MacMurray SB, Dulberg C . The development of a tool to assess neonatal pain. Neonat Netw 1993; 12: 59–66.
CAS Google Scholar
Krechel SW, Bildner J . CRIES: a new neonatal postoperative pain measurement score. Initial testing of validity and reliability. Paediatr Anaesth 1995; 5: 53–61.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Debillon T, Zupan V, Ravault N, Magny JF, Dehan M . Development and initial validation of the EDIN scale, a new tool for assessing prolonged pain in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001; 85: F36–F41.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Duhn LJ, Medves JM . A systematic integrative review of infant pain assessment tools. Adv Neonat Care 2004; 4: 126–140.
Article Google Scholar
Stevens BJ, Johnston CC, Horton L . Factors that influence the behavioral pain responses of premature infants. Pain 1994; 59: 101–109.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Hummel P, van Dijk M . Pain assessment: current status and challenges. Semin Fetal Neonat Med 2006; 11: 237–245.
Article Google Scholar
Ambuel B, Hamlett KW, Marx CM, Blumer JL . Assessing distress in pediatric intensive care environments: the COMFORT scale. J Pediatr Psychol 1992; 17: 95–109.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Reilly PL, Simpson DA, Sprod R, Thomas L . Assessing the conscious level of infants and young children: a paediatric version of the Glasgow Coma Scale. Childs Nerv Syst 1988; 4: 30–33.
See Also
Deutschen Pass beantragen: So gehen Sie richtig vor!
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hadjistavropoulos HD, Craig KD, Grunau RV, Johnston CC . Judging pain in newborns: facial and cry determinants. J Pediatr Psychol 1994; 19: 485–491.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Craig KD, Gilbert CA, Lilley CM . Cry as an indicator of pain in infants. In: Barr RG, Hopkins B, Green J (eds). Crying as a Signal, a Sign, and a Symptom. MacKeigh Press: London, 2000; 23–40.
Google Scholar
Craig KD, Whitfield MF, Grunau RV, Linton J, Hadjistavropoulos HD . Pain in the preterm neonate: behavioural and physiological indices. Pain 1993; 52: 287–299.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Howard VA, Thurber FW . The interpretation of infant pain: physiological and behavioral indicators used by NICU nurses. J Pediatr Nurs 1998; 13: 164–174.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Gedaly-Duff V, Huff-Slankard J . Sleep as an indicator for pain relief in an infant: a case study. J Pediatr Nurs 1998; 13: 32–40.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Grunau RV, Craig KD . Pain expression in neonates: facial action and cry. Pain 1987; 28: 395–410.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Grunau RE, Holsti L, Whitfield MF, Ling E . Are twitches, startles, and body movements pain indicators in extremely low birth weight infants? Clin J Pain 2000; 16: 37–45.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Holsti L, Grunau RE, Oberlander TF, Whitfield MF, Weinberg J . Body movements: an important additional factor in discriminating pain from stress in preterm infants. Clin J Pain 2005; 21: 491–498.
Article Google Scholar
Pokela ML . Pain relief can reduce hypoxemia in distressed neonates during routine treatment procedures. Pediatrics 1994; 93: 379–383.
CAS Google Scholar
Alexander SM, Todres ID . The use of sedation and muscle relaxation in the ventilated infant. Clin Perinatol 1998; 25: 63–78.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Shrout PE, Fleiss JL . Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull 1979; 86: 420–428.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Johnston CC, Stevens BJ, Yang F, Horton L . Differential response to pain by very premature neonates. Pain 1995; 61: 471–479.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Craig KD, Korol CT, Pillai RR . Challenges of judging pain in vulnerable infants. Clin Perinatol 2002; 29: 445–457.
Article Google Scholar
Johnston CC, Stevens BJ, Franck LS, Jack A, Stremler R, Platt R . Factors explaining lack of response to heel stick in preterm newborns. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999; 28: 587–594.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Holsti L, Grunau RE, Oberlander TF, Whitfield MF . Prior pain induces heightened motor responses during clustered care in preterm infants in the NICU. Early Hum Dev 2005; 81: 293–302.
Article Google Scholar

Download references